Personality Case Studies - 1618 Words

Abraham Maslow Case Study 18 Maslov’s hierarchy of the five innate needs describe the factors that activate and direct human behavior. They are the physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs. According to Maslov, these needs are instinctoid, or hereditary, but can be affected or overcome by learning, social expectations, and fear of disapproval. Therefore, these needs are subject to variation from one person to another (Schultz Schultz, 2012). 1) Before Frank was laid off, all five of Maslov’s needs were met. His physiological needs were satisfied because, although he disliked the third shift, Frank and his wife were able to afford a small house, put food on the table, and provide their children†¦show more content†¦As the self emerges, infants develop a need for positive regard, or the universal need for love, acceptance, and approval from others. Positive regard has a reciprocal nature in that when people perceive themselves to be satisfying someone else’s need for positive regard, they in turn experience satisfaction of that need themselves. By interpreting the feedback we receive from them (either approval or disapproval), we refine our self-concept (Schultz Schultz, 2012). 1) Before her experience with her support group, Katharine’s self-concept differed greatly from her ideal self. Katharine’s ideal self describes â€Å"one of those women who had it all: a career and family life† (p. 69, para. 3). She dreamed of being happily married with children and own her own business. However, Katharine â€Å"felt like such a failure† because she was divorced and working as a secretary for someone else’s business to support herself (p. 69, para. 1). Because Katharine had quickly married her â€Å"high school sweet heart† to satisfy her ideal self, her marriage enforced negative conditions of self worth on Katharine by her husband who â€Å"disapproved of her taking business courses† and â€Å"discouraged any attempts she made at earning money on her own† (p. 69, para. 2). In addition to the friction of theirShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Disorder Case Study891 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Disorder Cas e Study Male client in his late forties for initial counseling session. He claims that he is only seeking counseling to appease his ageing mother (Laureate Education, 2012). He states his mother is 86 years old and is pushing him to find a girlfriend (Laureate Education, 2012). He states that he is not willing to change his ways to accommodate a relationship (Laureate Education, 2012). Client insists that he does not want a relationship, that he has never wanted one (LaureateRead MoreIntroductory Personality Psychology Case Study781 Words   |  4 Pagesintroductory personality psychology courses at The Pennsylvania State University from the Altoona and University Park campuses will be recruited for participation. All students enrolled in the courses will be required to complete the procedure for this study to earn a grade in the course, however, they will be required to give their consent to use their data in the present study in exchange for extra credit in the course. Those who do not consent to use their data will be omitted from the study and willRead MoreCase Study Intitled A Diamond Personality856 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½1ï ¿ ½ A Diamond Personality Dale A. Miller CJA/473 September 4, 2010 Gary Vernon Introduction A case study is a form of qualitative explanatory research that is used to look at individuals, a small group of participants, or a group as a whole. Research on case studies allows people to understand complex issues that can extend experience and add strength to previous research. Case studies articulate detailed analysis of a minimal number of events and their affairsRead MoreBorderline Personality Case Study: Maria1402 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case study: Maria The patient Maria offers a case study in typical borderline personality symptoms. Maria has manifested a marked instability in the relationships in her personal life. Borderline patients often express over-idealization or demonization of the individuals in their lives. Their personalities are often histrionic, and they tend to see both people and events in black and white terms, either as bad or good. It is typical for a BPD (borderline personality disorder) patient to haveRead MoreCase Study: Schizotypal Personality Disorder852 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #6 — Schizotypal Personality Disorder Background Information Tyler is a 15 year old male who is currently living at home with his mother and younger sister. His mother describes Tyler as â€Å"always being an odd child† who had significant difficulty relating to his peers. As a child he would spend a great deal of time alone involved in role playing. She said that social situations always provoke great anxiety in Tyler and he is extremely socially inept. Currently Tyler rarely socializes,Read MoreEssay on Foster Creek Post Office Case Study754 Words   |  4 PagesFoster Creek Post Office Case Study Background of Case This case is about an experienced city postal carrier who has recently filled a position at a small town post office and has difficulty adjusting to a different way of life. The central characters include: Larry (the postmaster of Foster Creek), Jim (a senior carrier) and George (a senior carrier). The Foster Creek Post Office exists in a small town and the typical way of life is carried through at the post office. Harry has arrived at FosterRead MoreAre there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley‚Äà ´s study over freuds is way of working with patients?1049 Words   |  5 PagesAre there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley’s study over freuds is way of working with patients? Freud’s study, Analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy, is the account of the treatment of little Hans; a five year old boy who had been suffering form anxiety that led to a number of phobias. Freud uses this case study as strong support for his psychoanalytic ideas concerning; the unconscious determinism, psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex, the cause of phobias and psychoanalyticRead MoreDetermining The Data Collection Tools823 Words   |  4 Pagesbe used to collect the study data. The researcher examines the reason of the case study in depth using a selection of data gathering methods, to provide proof that leads to an understanding of the case, and answers the research questions. An important point of the case study method involves using multiple data collection; interviews, document reviews, collection of physical artifacts, and archival records. The data collection method the researcher will use in this study is document review. StepRead MoreMba 555 - Case Study Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesresolve conflict. Many of the topics covered in the chapter have a direct implication to the case study, Reputation in Jeopardy, and can be used to both analyze and provide insight into the possible future behavior of the characters in the study. The case can be broken down into three main questions: 1. What are the main conflicts between the characters? 2. How do the concepts of conflict relate to this case? 3. What course of action should the characters take to resolve their conflicts? The intentionRead MoreSports Leadership Of The 21st Century1105 Words   |  5 Pageslight to help young experts and sport administration understudies get to be pioneers in various regions of sports. Dockweiler, S. (2014, August 2). Https://www.themuse.com/advice/the-most-useful-personality- quiz-youll-take-this-week. Retrieved September 25, 2016, from http://time.com/3074037/personality-quiz/ This quiz by Dockweiler will not only help you to discover traits about yourself that you may have not noticed before, but its an actual eye opener and he has some great ideas that may be

Polymerase Chain Reaction Problem Solutions with Assignment Help Free Essays

Polymerase chain reactions are the specific terms used in stating different compounds and sates of the carbon compound which are specially used in a particular branch of chemistry called the organic chemistry. Polymerase chain reactions are the specific reactions which take place between several carbon compounds under particular circumstances. These invariably tough reaction chains are a part of the study of organic chemistry and thus the chain reactions are considerably hard to remember or to be memorized. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymerase Chain Reaction Problem Solutions with Assignment Help or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many individual students can be found who really struggle a lot in remembering these chain reaction solutions and putting the reaction chains in practical world implementation like the exam. Even the assignment problems specified with the polymerase chain reaction topic is really tricky and tough to complete as the writing procurement of correct reaction statements are not at all easy. Finding a help which eventually provides the correct polymerase chain reaction and reaction statement involvements, also is going to give you strong headache as you will not find any profound help which can help you in completing the particular assignment. â€Å"ASSIGNMEMTHELP. NET† is really a stand-alone online website which can be utilized to collect all the correct information and the polymerase chain reaction nomenclature. Polymerase chain reaction is the path of change and improvement of the states of the plastic molecules. Plastic is basically a carbon compound high on the carbon density and possesses plasticity. Thousands of individual plastic molecules get bonded together in the procurement of producing polymer compound from the pure plastic granules. â€Å"ASSIGNMENTHELP. NET† is such an educational website which involves the profound solutions providing procurements to the individual students who seek guidelines to write and complete any polymerase chain reaction assignment problem assigned to them with a specified topic involvement. Online tutorial videos and tutorial classes also can be considered as helpful consignments in completing any organic chemistry assignment problem. The help from the expert individuals with the approval from the expert panel of world renowned professors can be immensely helpful in completing any polymerase chain reaction assignment problem involvement as you get all the required help online with just few clicks of your mouse. You can opt for different communication establishment options that are available for you, which will really help you in finding better solutions and detailed information to complete one difficult polymerase chain reaction assignment problem. Certain communication options are available to choose from as you can opt for the email conversation where you will have to send one email containing the different aspects and required fields about which you need the information. You can also ask the direct question by email as you will get your point-to-point required answer completely free from any plagiarism. Also, you can opt for the live chat option or phone conferencing to discuss about the matter of your requirement. You will be amazed to see that the very website will take responsibility of providing you with several study materials and guidelines to write a perfect assignment on the particular topic once you get signed up with a considerable amount of signing up or admission charge to the website How to cite Polymerase Chain Reaction Problem Solutions with Assignment Help, Essay examples

Visual literacy free essay sample

Over the past four weeks I have created a job aid for one group of employees at my current employer. The job aid is meant to help the employees prioritize their daily tasks as well as understand exactly what the expectations of their position are. I have spent several hours observing the employees currently filling the helping hands role and comparing it to what our current training manual says as well as the information I have learned in class. Through class discussions, assignments and observations I have found many aspects of my original plan that needed to be altered. Once I completed my final outline I thought I would quickly throw together my final draft and once again found myself making changes. When considering the elements of design and conveying a message it can be difficult to decide on the BEST WAY. In my week one discussion post I listed several items that I felt were the most important aspects of helping hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual literacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I created the list based on my shopping experiences and a few select items that I find myself consistently asking employees to do. As the weeks went on and I began taking pictures for my project the list changed. Some of the items remained on the list, some were deleted but the most important change was the items I decided to add. Before beginning the project I truly believed I knew what was important about helping hands. Now I know I was wrong. Their job is difficult and it is not easy to prioritize. Last week we were asked to describe the planning process. I found that planning, re-planning, and being open for additional planning was the best process in this complicated assignment. In the past I have been quick to make decisions using assumptions, going forward I will spend more time on the planning process. As you flip through my slide show you will see that I chose to use a vibrant color for the background. I chose to use the color orange because the department uniforms are orange. I felt the orange background served two purposes: it created unity between the slides and the department. Because our helping hands department fills many roles, there are times when they may forget what they are really there for. My hope was that using orange would assist me in emphasizing my points about service and setting us apart. Although many roles are being filled, ultimately the number one priority is incredible customer service. Since prioritizing tasks was one of my goals I attempted to organize the slides in an order that would support that concept. At first I put the images of tasks in the order I wanted them done. As I observed the employees I realized there would be tasks that were rarely completed if they were low on the priority list. Although some task should be completed first, all of the task must be completed consistently. To avoid neglecting low priority tasks I grouped all the tasks by category. I put items together that could be done simultaneously. While you are baggin groceries you can then walk a customer to their car. When you are talking a customer to their car you can straighten signs and then bring in stray carts. I also chose to put my top priorities at the end and then create a final slide putting the categories in order of importance. Why did make safety my top priority when throughout the majority of their shift helping hands employees are pushing carts. They are keeping the lot clear so that customers have carts to shop with, carts are not blocking parking spaces, and carts are not pushed/blown into parked cars. This is an important aspect of high standards and customer service however it can be dangerous for the employees, especially in inclement weather. My experience in retail management is that work related injuries and customer injuries are expensive. Not only do you have medical bills but you have lost wages. More importantly than that, someone is injured. If I did not care about this I would not be living by the values. Also, without this employee we would be working short-handed and find it more difficult to provide exceptional customer service. In addition, injuries send the wrong message. The store is located in a small community. Sending the message that it is unsafe due to cleanliness or maintenance would be severely detrimental. To prevent injury, equipment is provided for employees. I provided images of this equipment and additional safety related equipment for use in the parking lot and entrance. One slide has images showing jackets, gloves and shoe covers. These supplies are not shown being used because I was unable to get an image that captured the environment. I would like to replace these images with images reflecting proper environments when available. Another slide has images of equipment used for snow and ice maintenance. I chose to take pictures of these in the location where they are stored. I felt that the background gave employees more information about the products. (i. e. proper storage, where to locate) Two visuals I chose to exclude from my project are the competitor’s logos. We have a couple of discount grocery stores in the area. Although the quality of goods does not compare to ours and our prices are competitive (unit for unit), it can be difficult to explain this to shoppers when the competitor’s price is lower and the box looks the same size. Rather than try to compare apples to oranges, we choose to provide a level of service and quality of product you cannot get anywhere else. The helping hands employees are instrumental in our success. One of the most common comments you will hear from managers is â€Å"you can get bananas and bread anywhere, why are our customers coming here? † I wanted to put a reminder to this in my presentation however due to copyright laws I felt it easier to focus on what we do and not what our competitor’s do not do. During the planning stage I selected the fonts and layout I felt I would use. When I was putting it all together I changed many aspects of my plan. I had originally selected â€Å"impact† as the font for all safety related topics/items. When I actually applied this font I found it was not as legible as I had intended. I decided to change the font to â€Å"arial bold†. The font I used for the other aspects of the presentation was â€Å"arial†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ using â€Å"arial bold† allowed the text to stand out while still maintaining the uniformity of the project. Another change I made was to eliminate the text effects. It made sense while I was planning the project however when I used them I found it attracted attention to the text and detracted from the visuals. When I considered learnings in week 2, I opted to eliminate any effects that did not draw attention to the focal points. I felt the same message could be sent without them and removing them eliminated a cluttered appearance. Each slide in my presentation has a bold topic on the page creating a uniformity; images that have a specific focal point have markings attracting attention to them; and consistent fonts that are easy to read are used for each topic. I used outlines to draw attention to the focal points on the images and used images that I believe had enough visual information to be a universal language. I also used empty space to eliminate distractions and draw attention to correct information. Each stage in this project has shown me how much more important the one before it was.

National Jazz Hall free essay sample

This would also allow the NJ to sponsor jazz festivals, workshops and scholarships. The museum would be used to remember great Jazz artists, serve jazz enthusiasts along with education he public on the Importance of Jazz in American culture and history. Question 2 The stakeholders in this project begin with Mr.. Rutland himself. After that, some of the other stakeholders Include the board of directors for the INCH, the City of Charlottesville departments renovating the historic district of downtown Charlottesville, the consultant hired by the board, other tourist attractions in aroundCharlottesville and in Western Virginia, they include Monticello, James Monomers house, and the University of Virginia. Other stakeholders would be the contractors employed to renovate the Paramount, possible donors to the project, they could be private as well as governmental such as the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The potential jazz performers that are potential members of the NJ are also very important stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on National Jazz Hall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If this is not a highly recognized and reputable hall of fame, some of these Iconic Jazz musicians will not want to be members of the organization. Finally, Jazz fans as a whole are key stakeholders as well. Without them, there would not be a need for this type of attraction. Question 3 There are three major issues facing Mr.. Rutland and the NJ. They are: 1. Fund raising, 2. Building and leading a professional team to complete the project. 3. Marketing In order to promote the NJ and gain national recognition.In order to successfully address these issues the following skills will be needed: Good communication skills Since the PM will be dealing with many different type of people, groups and audiences, they will need to be able to communicate effectively n all of these different levels. They need to communicate with government entities In order to secure the necessary permits and Inspections once the theatre is set to be renovated. They will have to speak with philanthropic groups In order to raise private funds for the renovation of the theatre along with donations to run the NJ. OFF such as the National Endowment for the Arts. For issue two, the PM will be the team leader and have to communicate well with each group of the project team. They will have to work with the different teams to create the renovation plan. Once that is one, they will have to work with many different contractors to secure bids before deciding on who will complete the renovations. Other groups that the PM will have to communicate would include the finance team, the procurement team and the budget team. As for issue number 3, the PM will have to work with several marketing firms who specialize in the work needed for the NJ to establish national recognition. They will have to meet with many different firms in order to select the best one for the NJ. Once that group is selected, the PM will be the interface to that group for the project. Communications with this group will of course be vital to the longevity of the NJ. Ability to command respect The PM needs to be to command respect from every group involved in each aspect of the project.Without respect, none of the groups will be encouraged to complete their assigned tasks. Also, without respect the project as a whole will not have any credibility. It is this respect and credibility that will help generate private and government funding. Also, if there is no respect in the project, the NJ will not gain any respect in the Jazz community. Without that, why would any of the potentials Jazz musicians want to be member of this hall of fame? Conflict Resolution skills this is a basic skill that every PM must have. Without it, no project would move forward.In this project, the conflicts could be many for all three issues. If the PM cannot resolve the conflicts that will arise from the renovation of the theatre alone, the other two issue will never come to fruition. Good knowledge of project management principles Of all of the PM principles, risk management is key in this project. If you look at issue two, fundraising, what happens to the project if a major source of funding becomes compromised? One real world example is the Boy Scouts of America. They received almost of their annual budget from a donation by the American United Way.A few years ago, the United Way reduced their donation significantly. The BAS now receives only one percent of its budget from that organization. It was real blow to their ability to maintain their year round projects. In order to recoup this budgetary loss, they established the Friends of Scouting project. They now solicit donations from the parents of Scouts, former Scouts and other companies and non-profit organizations to fulfill the gap. The PM for this project will have to have contingency plans in place like the BAS has done.Be comfortable in an uncertain environment This is a huge, multifaceted project that a PM can understand every aspect. The PM for this project needs to be able to manage well the pieces they know very well and have the ability to manage the pieces they are not so familiar with. They need to put the right people in place for the aspects of the project they are the least familiar. Say the PM is strong in construction but weak in fund raising, they need to find a good fund raiser and someone who is good with marketing. Question 4 I feel that Mr.. Rutland does have credibility.He is a professor of History at the University of Virginia. I dont think that he would have been able to have had Jazz didnt feel that Mr.. Rutland and the board of directors he established were credible. Having two famous Jazz musicians like that on the board definitely adds credence and credibility to Mr.. Rutland plan. Is Mr.. Rutland a leader? A leader is defined as interpersonal influence, exercised in situations and directed through the communication process, toward the arraignment of a specified goal of goals. Mr.. Rutland has shown that ability in the first year of building the NJ. Mr.. Rutland came up with the NJ and locating it in Charlottesville, VA. He enlisted the help of his fellow Jazz enthusiast, and created the board of directors for the hall of fame. After that he found a possible building location that, by name, has ties to the famous jazz era of the sass and 19402 in New York City. This would give the NJ a headquarters with a credible and recognizable name. After establishing the board, Mr. . Rutland went out to generate funds for the hall by applying for grants from philanthropic groups along with various government agencies.They were denied for two reasons, inexperience of the board members and the brevity of their existence. This could not be construed negatively toward the board or affect their credibility. Mr.. Rutland also understood that the NJ would need visitors to help generate revenue to continue the halls existence. He found that over half a million people visit the Charlottesville area to see many other attractions. He knew he had to work with the various venues and tourist organization to help promote the NJ as a viable attraction. Finally Mr..Rutland showed his leadership in hiring a consultant to help answer two questions. One, what is the interest level of the respondents for Jazz and the establishment of a National Jazz Hall of Fame. The survey was conducted on a national level and on a local level. This allows Mr.. Rutland to find out if people were actually interested in a Jazz Hall of Fame and if they would attend, Jazz music as a whole, if people would be willing to donate money to such an organization, what services and events they would expect from the hall and what the average person interested in such a place would be willing to pay for admission.This gave the board n idea of what kind of funding they could expect from eh public through donations and admission fees. Question 5 The cultures relevant to this project are the African-American, Cajun, Africans, and American. Jazz was influenced by different cultures and sub-cultures. The music also has roots in the development of other music movements around the world. In the US, Jazz has influenced, the Blues, RB, Mouton, Dixieland, Classical and Country music. Jazz is a melting pot of music as well having its roots in other genres.The project environment for the National Jazz Hall of Fame was a struggle to get off he ground, but was met with great enthusiasm. After the first year, even though they had many setbacks due to difficulties raising contributions from outside sources and finding out they needed at least $600,000 to renovate the theatre, Mr.. Rutland and the board felt the project showed promise. Mr. . Rutland did not seem to give up, but found other ways to promote and endow the NJ. He tried to utilized the local tourism outlets, the NJ promoted concerts to raise money and awareness. Mr..Rutland visited other halls of fame to gain ideas and insights into their success. He interest the public would have for a Jazz hall of fame. Question 6 Mr.. Rutland should do the following: Budget- Philanthropic organizations Since they had difficulties raising funds from these types of organizations due to a lack of experience on the part of the board, they need to hire an executive director with fund raising experience. This will give them someone with the proper background that these organization are looking for and a higher level of credibility. This will help solidify them as a true purveyor off hall of fame for Jazz.Government Agencies Once they have a qualified executive director ND have been established for over two years, they should reapply for government funds from groups like the National Endowment for the Arts. They will be able to get enough funds so that they may even begin to renovate the theatre. Donations The survey showed that they could receive an average of $23. 40 per donation. They should pursue a low cost way of garnering these donations in order to increase their bottom line. The survey targeted individuals over 35 years old with an income of $50,000+. Perhaps they can target other age and income range along with woman.Memberships These are an excellent way to raise money. You can usually provide a few low cost incentives to individuals and they will pay a little more of an admission fee to benefit from those perks. However, at this time, without an actually facility for the hall of fame, memberships may be something they should wait on. It was recommended that they pursue Founding Memberships. This would be a more viable option until it is decided on where the actual NJ will be located. Everyone likes to say that they were the first ones to be involved in a new endeavor. Visitors The survey found that the average admission fee could be $3. 0. This is a good price engendering how many tourists visit the Charlottesville area. Again, until a facility if build and functional, this idea should be set aside. Budget Expenditures. The Paramount Theatre is the NSF largest expenditure at $600,000. Other expenditures are the cost of the surveys. Future costs will be setting up the Founding Membership accounts, the regular memberships (if any), the salary of the executive director and all of the operational costs of an office for that individual. There will also have to be a budget for correspondence, fliers for concerts and workshops, etc.A Travel budget or the executive director will be required as well. Performance: service/activities The NJ will have to continue to sponsor concerts and workshops. This will help them promote their mission along with getting their name out there. Offering a scholarship will help as well. This would also help gain credibility with the National Association of Jazz Educators. Competition The NJ needs to work with their competition. This will allow them to learn about how they are doing things. What works and what does not. It could also give them an opportunity to create an association with other hall of fames.

Domain Name Disputes Essay Essays

Domain Name Disputes Essay Essays Domain Name Disputes Essay Essay Domain Name Disputes Essay Essay A sphere name is user-friendly manner of showing the Internet Protocol ( IP ) reference of a web location. When the sphere name of the web site is entered. it would supply a direct nexus to entree the content located on the site of the IP reference. The sphere name has characters and numbers separated out by points ( . ) which suggest assorted degrees in the sphere name. A sphere name can hold anyplace between one to 63 characters. and can include certain particular characters such as ( ) . The valid characters of the sphere name include A to Z and 1 to 9 and 0. Capitalization is non used as a method to separate from one sphere name to another. Sphere name has been a really user-friendly manner of accessing content on the cyberspace. and therefore people frequently use it to seek for concerns on the net. Today’s sphere name system was earlier utilized by the web set up by the section of defense mechanism and academic administrations for research and communications intents. This Domain name system ( DNS ) was initiated every bit early as 1984 and has been extended to all countries of the universe where the cyberspace is accessible today. The sphere name would really change over into an IP reference. which would propose a physical location of a computing machine or a system on the Internet. Since. non more than one site can hold one reference ; there have been a batch of struggles in the usage of sphere names. A peculiar sphere name would hold different degrees. The assorted degrees in the sphere name are separated or recognised utilizing the particular character point ( . ) ( to distinguish between the assorted degrees ) . If you take the sphere name rudiment. thirty. it is a 2nd degree sphere name. dwelling of 2 degrees. rudiment and xxx. On the other manus. mno. rudiment. thirty. consists of three degrees. viz. mno. rudiment and thirty. The characters in the sphere name are normally counted from the right to the left. The Internet protocol references. sphere names. etc. which are utilized for internet direction are today by and large handled by an administration known as the â€Å"Internet Assigned Numbers Authority† ( IANA ) . In bend the day-to-day personal businesss sing the assignment of top degree and 2nd degree sphere names are taken attention of by single Internet Registries ( IR ) . There are several hierarchies of sphere names including top degree sphere names ( TLDs’ ) . Second Level Domain names ( SLD’s ) . 3rd degree sphere names ( 3LD’s ) . etc. The direction of the top degree sphere names are done by the ICANN at the international degree. They besides provide declaration of differences at the international degree through an arbitrary and simplified procedure known as ‘UDRP’ ( Uniform Domain Resolution Policy ) . The TLD’s are the sphere name that appears after the last ( . ) in the sphere name. For illustration. in a general sphere name such as rudiment. com. the. com is the TLD. Again. the TLD can be of two types viz. . a generic TLD and a state specific TLD. The generic TLD’s include. com. . cyberspace. . info. . thirty. . org. . edu. . television. . RESs. . mil. . gov. . int. etc. The state specific TLD’s include Top degree sphere names that are specific to certain states such as. Fr. . Eu. . in. . my. . us. etc. For specific top degree sphere name types. a specific register would be approved ( assigned by the ICANN ) . to delegate. manage and manage any issues that may originate for that TLD. TLD’s can be once more classified as two types depending on the limitation imposed to register and delegate. including restricted generic TLD’s and unrestricted generic TLD’s. Restricted generic TLD’s would necessitate certain sum of eligibility to register in the register. For case. the TLd. int. requires that the organic structure registering be an international sanctioned administration such as the WIPO. WHO. etc. No individual can register under this TLD without eligibility. Verisign ( an cyberspace register ) would likewise license enrollment of telecom administrations to register under the generic TLD. cyberspace. Merely non-profit administrations. establishments. voluntary administrations. etc. can register under the TLD. org. Administrations that are governmental in nature. can register under the sphere name. gov. Unrestricted sphere names. do non necessitate eligibility sing administration type or geographical location. and any individual can register under such sphere names without limitations. on a first semen foremost served footing. One such sphere name is the. com. which accounts for about half of all the sphere names registered in the universe. Peoples desiring a sphere name under the. com TLD. need non show any eligibility. but can register a peculiar sphere name on a first semen foremost served footing. Many people site that the greater sum of involvements by commercial administrations in the. com register and the offering of enrollment on a first semen foremost served footing. has created immense struggles in the sphere name allotment. Country coded top degree sphere names are assigned sphere names based on state specifications. Merely if the administration is located in a certain state or provides concern or services to a peculiar state would it be permitted to utilize that ccTLD. For case. uk or. my are TLD’s belonging to the United Kingdom and Malaysia. severally. The 2nd degree sphere name is the part of the sphere name that lies before the ( . ) of the TLD. This may include a alone name matching to an IP reference or may be even implicative of the geographical location of the concern. For case in rudiment. cyberspace. the 2nd degree sphere name is abc. On the other manus. rudiment. United Kingdom. org. the 2nd degree sphere name is. uk. and it suggests the state codification. Abc. would so belong to a 3rd degree sphere name ( 3LD ) . The United Kingdom is a state that follows a top-level state coded sphere name. For case. the sphere of several administrations in the UK would be abc. org. United Kingdom and non abc. uk. org. Domain name and Intellectual Property Rights Many tribunals have tried to specify what a sphere name is. They consider it to be an reference. which has to be selected by the user. and since one user would be utilizing one reference. it needs to be alone and non indistinguishable. The tribunals besides give consideration that people would frequently seek to think the web reference from the name. location and other characteristics of the applier. A sphere name is more of a mark or a grade which can assist to separate the goods and services of one bargainer from the goods and the services of another. Hence. a sphere name can be holding an rational value and can be given an â€Å"Intellectual Property Right Protection† . Following a rise in the traffic and popularity of the cyberspace. there has been a rise in the sphere name issues. Sphere name were considered to be earlier more of references that helped to turn up the bargainer or an administration on the cyber universe. However. today domain names are turning out to be more of identifiers. hallmarks. Markss or indicants of the goods. services. etc. of a peculiar bargainer. A sphere name consists of alphabets. numbers. punctuation Markss. etc. and hence possesses the features of a hallmark. For many companies. the value of the sphere name is considered great as they would be utilizing the cyberspace for concern. Today domain name instead than the name of the companies are considered to be identifiers and are frequently being used as advertizements. Hence. in many cases. sphere names and hallmarks are in struggle. It is of import to observe several particular features of sphere names: 1. They are planetary as one time they are registered anybody from the universe can utilize the reference to derive entree to the trader’s web site 2. They need to be alone as merely one reference can take to a web site 3. Sphere name are frequently guessed by the users. and therefore minor alterations or mistakes need to guarantee that the user still is able to make the intended location 4. An honest and current sphere name user can non be as in the instance of hallmarks 5. Sphere can can non be given for manner of composing. coloring forms. usage of images. etc Companies have moved their concern over to the cyberspace and this has created several struggles with the traditional hallmark proprietors. If a traditional hallmark proprietor finds that a cyberspace concern company is utilizing a name similar to the trademark’s proprietor. so he has to turn out that the cyberspace concern is in fact utilizing the name in bad religion. seeking to thin the name of the hallmark proprietor. to make unjust competition or to make confusion in the heads of the consumer. Earlier. the NSI had a dispute declaration policy. but there was a batch of contention in the procedures. such that both opposing parties had to come to an understanding. The ICANN has implemented URDP that would be applied in all sphere name disputes that are used in bad religion. Administrations concerned with sphere name Issues When the cyberspace was ab initio started and expanded for commercial and academic usage. the non-military section of sphere name allotment was done by the NSF ( National Science Foundation ) . This was followed till 1992. and in the twelvemonth 1993. the Network Solutions Incorporation was formed which helped to register all the generic TLD’s. . net’s. . com’s. etc. Till the twelvemonth 1999. the NSI ensured that all the enrollment and allotment of 2nd degree sphere names for the major TLD’s was brought approximately. Sing that about half of all the sphere names are in the. com section. NSI had a major function to play in apportioning sphere names. They besides had some sum of control over dispute declaration procedures. However. the NSI did non hold any official mediation procedures. and was non responsible officially for sphere name struggles. Initially. the NSI provided enrollment to the sphere names on a first semen foremost served footing and did non look into the credibleness of the registering administration. This harmonizing to many has led to struggles sing sphere names across the universe. The NSI did non look into whether the sphere name was a portion of the party’s name. Slowly there was immense contention sing the mode in which sphere names were allocated and provided enrollment by the NSI. There was a immense addition in the hallmark disputes particularly in the. com TLD sphere. The IANA had no concern for legal issues over the sphere name allotments. Hence. many states including the US had concern over the allotment of sphere names over the cyberspace. In 1997. the direction of several generic TLD’s were handed over to the International Ad Hoc Committee ( IAHC ) . The administration helped in bordering 7 new generic TLD’s and guaranting greater sum of healthy competition in the 2nd degree sphere names. The NSI and the IANA were together concerned with the development of a set of regulations and ordinances for the assignment of sphere names. They developed a corporation that would hold legal power for the assignment of sphere names throughout the universe. This administration ( ICANN ) besides helped in the development of regulations and ordinances for the cyberspace sphere names. The US DOC besides played a major function in the development of the ICANN. The concluding version of the bylaws by the ICANN was released on October 2. 1998. and released by the DOC. On November 1998. the ICANN and the DOC unquestionably to jointly plan regulations. ordinances. mechanisms and methods to guarantee Domain name maps. The DOC and other administrations were interested in conveying about better competition and guaranting stableness. The function of the US authorities was easy being transferred to the ICANN. The NSI besides changed its name to Verisign. It was concerned with developing a shared enrollment system and provides services under the generic TLD’s such as. com. . cyberspace. etc. Verisign has to sell certain figure of registries in order to hold authorization of the. com registry in 2001. However. some of the registers of Verisign and ICANN still are shared from May 2001. Verisign would run assorted registers such as the. org register boulder clay 2002. the. net register boulder clay 2005. the. com register boulder clay 2007. The ICANN has allocated the. org register from 2002 to 2008 to Public Internet Registry and Verisign for the. net register from 2005 to 2011. Public and societal issues concerned with sphere name allotment The sphere name has turned out to be a immense concern theoretical account for several companies. The ads-per-click policy. which would guarantee that advertizements placed in the sphere name would do more money than the sphere itself. would guarantee that the sphere is continued. On the other manus. if the cost of the sphere is more than the advertizements. so the sphere is ceased for the following twelvemonth. There is besides a five-day grace period ( following enrollment ) . which ensures that anybody who has registered a incorrect sphere can travel back and rectify his/her error. Today. sphere names are created and dropped at a really fast rate. and therefore. people are in immense confusions. This is go oning at a really fast rate. even faster than the rate hallmarks are picked up and dropped. To guarantee certain sum of control at the rate at which the sphere names are picked up and dropped. the ICANN is supervising several registers. It has given certain figure of its registers to companies that can sell out sphere name. Such companies are known as ‘registrars’ . and they would normally be working on the. com and. net TLD. However. the ICANN has introduced a 5 twenty-four hours window period. which would let the registering organic structure to do alterations or take back the sphere name enrollment within a period of 5 yearss. The ICANN can besides urge the proprietor to do modify or even take certain sphere names registered during the window period. This would guarantee that any illegal activities or potentially abuse over the cyberspace can be prevented. At the same clip. healthy competition can be encouraged over the cyberspace. Since January 003. there has been a displacement in the direction of the. org TLD from Verisign to the Public Internet Registry. which is an administration created in 2002 maintaining the public cyberspace in head. During the mid-1990’s. the US authorities decided to switch several substructure and administration that the US authorities and the military had over the cyberspace over to private organic structures. The authorities felt that the chief ground for implementing such policies were because the industry themselves can specialize in making effectual policies and guarantee development and promotion through ordinances and policies framed over cyberspace. The US authorities besides tried to put in several institutional controls means to guarantee that the private organic structures that had certain administration over the cyberspace. Several administrations such as the ICANN and the IAHC besides felt that the international engagement was really of import in developing a sphere name policy. However. the US authorities was besides concerned that the cyberspace control may travel out of US custodies and hence framed certain rules in the signifier Green Paper and White Paper. The White paper included several features such as dominant alliance. steadiness. fight. private. bottom up coordination. representation. etc. The ICANN brought about a transportation of the DNS control from the US authorities to the planetary environment. The full involvement of the community was needed to be represented through the actions of the ICANN. which included administrations. society. communities. etc. The ICANN had a bottom-up attack of administration. Many people feel that the ICANN has made the internet really much suited for public involvements and before the ICANN had any control over the cyberspace. it was more of a private sphere that was entirely controlled by the US Federal Government. Many people say the cyberspace developed from resources of the Federal authorities and the armed forces. However. it is besides of import to observe that neither the federal authorities nor the military had any function to play in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours policy-making. decision-making and direction of the cyberspace. The policy devising and the direction of the cyberspace has developed through interactions between private administrations holding certain governments over the cyberspace. Besides. users and establishments besides play a really of import function in giving feedback to these administrations. Whatever policies are being developed by the ICANN or Verisign are done sing public benefit. By passing over the internet administration to allow governments. non merely are the jobs solved sing use. content. etc. but daily direction issues are besides good sorted out. Many people consider that by passing over the cyberspace to private administrations. the US authorities has non privatised the cyberspace. but has handed over it to the private sector decision-makers that would specialize in bordering policies and pull offing issues with respects to domain names. The NSI was the first private administration to pull off the Domain name enrollment and allotment. The NSI. ICANN and other such administration gave a batch of importance to domain name as a alone method of accessing a web site. Hence. today sphere name is considered as an of import belongings by several administrations. which would frequently be utilizing it as a hallmark. The issue of cyber-squatting was besides prevailing due to the importance given by these administrations over sphere name. Many people consider that sphere name is private belongingss. However. sing the resistances laid by other parties over the specific usage of sphere names and the execution of strong register services. show that Domain names may non precisely be private belongings. The ownership of these registers lies with the appropriate administrations. but certain sum of information is available to the populace. The ICANN has come out strongly that the information stored in the register database lies specifically with the proprietor or appliers. and merely the database as a whole is owned by the enrollment administration. Property rights and Domain names Property rights aid to specify the extent to which the rights of the person would use and the rights of the populace would stop. Several policies such as gift. estimate and institutionalisation were applied to guarantee proper enforcement of belongings jurisprudence. The proprietor of the belongings has the right to profit from his belongings and harvest the fruits. The proprietor of the IP has to profit from his right by supporting the economic benefits. The proprietor would be holding a certain monopoly with respects to his rational belongings right. but at the same clip his ownership can non be guaranteed. as all rational belongings rights instruments are non absolutely efficient. They would and should guarantee certain legitimate usage by other parties within certain bounds. The proprietor is left to use his rational belongings efficaciously such that he can except others and claim the most economic benefits. In certain instances. there may be certain surpluss which would anyhow set down in the custodies of other parties including public and the challengers. In the instance of sphere names. the IP application seem to be simple and straightforward. but over a period of clip a batch of contentions have developed necessitating a batch of legal control. Earlier it was even hard to reassign a sphere name used by one person to another. However. following the execution of several regulations and ordinances. it is now possible to reassign the sphere register from one individual to another. However. there is still controversy sing the. com register understanding between Verisign and the ICANN. Verisign would run the. com register and supply enrollment for. com’s. On the other manus. it would follow the policies laid down by the ICANN. and pay ICANN for its services ( of policy-making ) . Today several registers that carry information and inside informations sing the enrollment of sphere names do non precisely stipulate who the proprietor would be. If such an understanding is losing. so the sphere names would be owned by the registers or harmonizing to the ICANN it would be owned by the populace. If one individual administration owns such a register. so it would non assist to run into the rights of the other parties. For case. earlier. the NSI merely managed the register of. com’s. and easy other administrations such as Verisign. ICANN. etc. have been involved. This would guarantee greater stableness and sustainability. Presently. the register database has been owned by the administration that has been simply allocated duty. This does non talk lawfully of being the proprietor of the sphere names. Presently. the monopoly of the generic TLD lies with one administration and the state codification TLD rests with certain administrations that the authorities of the state has allocated to. The ICANN has freely encouraged the transportation and the reassignment of sphere name rights from one party to another. The rights are transferred in such a manner that they would stop up with proprietors who are in a better place to do effectual usage of the resources. However. transferability of sphere name registers is subjected to certain restrictions. Several generic TLD registers and the ICANN have contractual understandings. Either of the parties should be able to reassign the rights to another party with a common consent. For illustration the NSI was taken over by Verisign and so were the registers. However. the individual taking over the register may non ever do full benefit of the register and may non full the duties mentioned. In a dynamic cyberspace environment. there is besides the possibility that the new register proprietor may non do full usage and understand the importance of the contents of the register. When one company would be purchasing over the other company. the register would besides play a really of import function in the coup detat costs. The free transferring of the sphere name registers would make an instable sphere name register. In the generic TLD. the registers are monopoly. and therefore if the information of the register is non transferred during ownership transportations. the full sphere would be affected. Any belongings right instrument should guarantee that the proprietor can exert his right and besides reassign his ownership to other parties freely. However. in the instance of registers. as there a batch of jobs with respects to stableness and continuance of the system. the information of the register is non a belongings of the register administration. but in the public sphere. Domain Name Disputes and Arbitration The sudden detonation over the usage of the cyberspace in today’s universe has placed sphere names in direct struggle with hallmarks. The usage of a sphere name would use throughout the universe. as the cyberspace is accessible throughout the universe. On the other manus. the hallmark Torahs of a peculiar state would change with that of another. and therefore. there is ever a opportunity that trademark Torahs and sphere name Torahs are in direct struggle with one another. Sphere names would use to the merchandise and services of a service supplier and hence ought to be given the same protection as hallmarks. On the other manus. registers that registry sphere names give the importance of registering on a first-come-first served footing. Resistances would state sphere names contains alphabets and numbers. and therefore. measure up to go a hallmark. However. no regulation is difficult and fast. Domain name proprietors feel that the sphere names are non protected under hallmark Torahs as the cyberspace is a planetary media holding no offline restriction. On the other manus. the hallmark proprietors feel that sphere names are hallmarks and hence are apt to register for dilution. unjust competition. etc. One of the chief grounds as to why there is intense differences with respects to domain names. is due cyber-squatting. in which person would register a peculiar sphere name. and subsequently seek to sell it to the hallmark proprietor. Domain name registers are accepting enrollment of sphere names on a first-come first-served footing. and therefore any individual can register a popular hallmark as a sphere name and subsequently program to sell to the hallmark proprietor. Often the monetary values quoted by the cyber-squatters are much more than what is paid of enrollment. Besides. cyber-squatters can misapply the hallmark of the proprietor. and in bend wrongfully attract clients or stain the name of the original hallmark proprietor. In the twelvemonth 1995. the NSI framed a policy to settle differences between sphere name holders and hallmark holders. The NSI is left out of the struggle and does non hold the right to suspend the services of the sphere name holder. Slowly. the importance of the hallmark proprietors began to be felt. Trademarks proprietors can extent their services on to the cyberspace. sing that it would be an ideal environment for concern intents. Customers on the other manus may besides see sphere names being similar to brand for hunt intents. One of the agencies of work outing sphere name differences is by following the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy implemented by the ICANN in 1999. This is chiefly to work out the differences that arise between sphere name proprietors and hallmark proprietors. The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre would carry on the UDRP processs. The procedure is much faster than the tribunals. and besides the determinations given is believable and impartial. The fees that are imposed are less than the everyday tribunals. ICANN and UDRP The ICANN UDRP has been implemented for several TLD’s including. cyberspace. . com. . org. etc. However. it is non applicable to the state degree TLD’s. such as. United Kingdom. . in. etc. The dispute declaration policy would happen between the sphere name holder and the registering authorization. such as country-coded sphere registering administration. The UDRP would put the footings and conditions that would originate in instance of struggle arise between the sphere name holder and any other party. except the registrar ( ICANN ) . Harmonizing to the ICANN. certain footings and conditions need to be followed when registering for a sphere name. The registrant should guarantee that all statements made are true. complete. and the sphere name would non go against the rights of others. The sphere name so registered would non be done for an illegal cause and would non be used to get the better of any jurisprudence. Any action done for the sphere name would be lead to the proprietor being held responsible. The ICANN can reassign. modify or call off a sphere name registered if the sphere name registrant requires so. if the tribunal holding a legal power requires that the sphere name be changed or cancelled or if a relevant administrative organic structure requires that the sphere name be changed or expelled. Depending on the state of affairss. the ICANN would do a petition to the sphere name holder to execute such alterations. The URDP process would be conducted before an administrative court. Normally such courts would come into action whenever a 3rd party has an issue with a peculiar sphere name and files an application for expostulation before the ICANN. The three elements of struggles arise include: Domain name similar or bewilderingly similar to a hallmark ( and the plaintiff has filed an expostulation before the URDP ) The registrant has no involvements lawfully over a peculiar sphere name Domain names which have been registered and utilised in bad religion Merely if these three elements are proved during test before the administrative court ( by the plaintiff ) would the plaintiff be able to turn out that the sphere name registrant has registered the sphere name in bad religion. During the class of test. the plaintiff should be able to turn out certain groundss: The sphere name registrant has chiefly registered the sphere name to sell. rent or reassign the sphere name to the true proprietor subsequently ( who is the current hallmark holder ) . The sphere name registrant has registrant has tried to register the sphere name with the exclusive intent of selling the sphere name subsequently to a rival of the plaintiff. The sphere name has been registered to forestall the hallmark holder from utilizing the sphere name for his usual concern. Domain name has been registered for blockading the usual trade of the plaintiff. The sphere name registered has registered the sphere name so as to make confusion in the populace or to hold an association with the original hallmark holder and addition commercially. There is every opportunity that the people would acquire confused in such a state of affairs and may acquire attracted to the sphere name. The sphere name holder nevertheless has certain rights over the legitimate claim and usage of a sphere name. Some of the legitimate involvements of the sphere name holder include: The sphere name is being utilised for the honest involvements of the sphere name holder The sphere name holder has created a separate individuality for himself and is known most frequently by the sphere name. even though a separate hallmark does non be. The sphere name has been created for legal and non-commercial involvements. run intoing up to the just usage clauses. The sphere name has non been created to confound people with an association to a peculiar hallmark or to tarnish/dilute the image of the original hallmark holder. The plaintiff has the pick of choosing an administrative court from the assortment offered for managing that peculiar instance. The ICANN would name a panel that would discourse the instance and offer its determination based on grounds. The plaintiff or the respondent can register a individual administrative hearing before the panel if multiple differences are present. The administrative panel has the right to discourse all the instances as one or divide each out. depending up on the policy of the ICANN. The fees for the administrative process under the URDP would be paid by the plaintiff. and in instance the plaintiff requires that the panel be increased from one member to three members. the fees would besides increase and would be collectible by the plaintiff and the respondent. The ICANN would non take part in any administrative process held in forepart of the administrative panel. and at the same clip can non be held apt for any determinations given by the panel. In instance the plaintiff is able to turn out his/her point. the sphere name of the respondent would be cancelled by the administrative panel and would be handed over to the plaintiff. Once the administrative panel makes a determination. the ICANN would be informed. and the attempts would be made by the administration to inform the populace through the web site. In certain instances necessitating sensible secretiveness. attempts would be made non to print such information. If the respondent wishes to seek justness. he can farther travel to the appropriate tribunal and register his instance before. it and the ICANN would non interfere in this affair. The ICANN would within 10 yearss natural or reassign the sphere name. but in instance of a case. it would wait for so 10 yearss for the notice and non enable the determination of the administrative court. The ICANN may besides non implement the determination of the administrative court in instance a just understanding has reached between the plaintiff and the respondent sing the usage of the sphere name. The ICANN and the URDP can non be considered as grounds in any instance sing a difference of a sphere name. There may be certain periods of clip when a sphere name can non be transferred from one party to another. This may include during an administrative question. ongoing tribunal case. etc. All policies framed by the ICANN would be made known to the populace at least 30 yearss in progress before the policies are implemented. If the policies of the ICANN are non suited for a peculiar sphere name. so the sphere name holder can call off his enrollment and reapply. when the regulations are changed. The member who belongs to the administrative panel should supply an impartial and independent determination during the procedure of treatment. In instance certain determinations have to be made in an impartial manner. so the supplier should be informed of the same. The URDP process is an instrument meant to guarantee involvements of the populace and the society along with certain figure of private involvements. The URDP processs are chiefly arranged to pull off instances in which sphere names have been registered in bad religion. embezzlement or for a unlawful purpose. so as to destruct the good name of the hallmark proprietor. These instances would hence extent to state of affairss in which the sphere name are similar or bewilderingly similar to the hallmark proprietor or have been registered in bad religion. The URDP would be making individual analysis and would be supplying an appropriate determination based on the grounds and the facts

Free Online Classes for West Virginia K-12 Students

Free Online Classes for West Virginia K-12 Students West Virginia offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in West Virginia. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of West Virginia Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools West Virginia Virtual School Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. Choosing a West Virginia Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. Evaluating virtual schools is important to ensure that it meets the students needs and fulfills educational requirements.

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Will be doing a video - Essay Example Being such, I would know which area of study I should work harder to become better in my practice. This pursuit of becoming better as a nurse by pursuing a Master’s Degree does not only improves the prospect of my career in the long run but also makes me a more effective, compassionate nurse and in a way, an instrument that improve and make people’s lives better. This is consistent with Georgetown University’s mission of â€Å"promoting health and well-being for all people, with its emphasis on preparing students to be morally reflective health care leaders and scholars† which to my understanding is to genuinely care for people’s health and well-being as well improving myself as a nurse. I anticipate that the academic environment at Georgetown University will be rigorous considering that it is one of the best universities in the world in the field of nursing. This however for my own good because those rigorous training will make me a better

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What were British objectives in the Paris Peace talks Essay Example for Free

What were British objectives in the Paris Peace talks Essay In January 1919, having recognised that the signed armistice of November 1918 marked only a temporary ceasefire with the Central Powers, the Allied leaders convened in Paris to negotiate the various peace treaties with their defeated counterparts. The conference which unfolded bore witness to an intense debate revolving around both a clash of interest and ideology and ultimately resulted in a compromise which satisfied none of its creators. Regardless of whether Britain acted either as a mediator between America and France or was the French’s main opponent, Britain certainly entered discussions with overarching concerns for the need for both a durable peace and to accommodate wartime treaty commitments as well as recognising the need to both reorder the world map and to construct a new diplomatic system. To its own ends, however, maintenance of the Empire’s unity, holdings and interests were the principal focus of British concern in the conference. Due to Britain’s position as one of the three leading Allied powers it was able to obtain, in circumstances of divergent national interests, much of what it set out to achieve. It must however be noted that in some quarters, in particular relating to the settlement of Eastern Europe and the Treaty of Versailles, Britain was not entirely satisfied. Throughout the conference, Britain had several objectives which tied into those of both America and France, however for all countries involved there was certainly a desperate need for durable peace and to deal with mattes such as the removal of the Royal Naval blockade of Germany and the issue of the presence of Allied troops in the Rhineland. By the end of the World War One, Britain had been able to maintain its relatively strong position and still stood with an unequalled empire and ranked as the world’s richest power. Yet Joseph Chamberlain’s coined phrase, lamenting Britain’s prospects to no more than a, ‘weary titan staggering under the orb of its own weight’, did bring as much reality with it as it did gloom. The war had resulted in an eleven fold increase in National Debt, a surge in taxation levels and a huge overall reduction in Britain’s GDP. It was therefore certainly apparent that Britain’s own strategic position would be at the forefront of British minds throughout the conference. Ultimately Britain, like the rest of the victorious Allied countries, desired a long-lasting peace which would result in preventing any major future European wars and as such required the outcome of neutering any lingering German threat. The agreement that therefore arose was no more than an imposed peace, or Diktat, and ensured both that Germany would be unable to mount a serious challenge in the coming years whilst at the same time satisfying British and French public opinion which had called for the total destruction of Germany. For Britain itself, it was imperative that Europe stabilised because the fortunes of Britain were essentially placed in the hands of the European economy. The restoration of Germany, Britain’s largest trading partner prior to the war, as an economic power would have had the chain effect of both stabilising Europe and the world’s economy, which was vital for a prosperous Britain. Furthermore, and especially for Lloyd George who was fighting an election battle, it was certainly Britain’s objective to satisfy the general public. With around one million casualties, Britain had practically lost and entire generation whilst at the same time Britain was also in the uncomfortable position of having most to lose from a future war. Indeed with the advent of new military technology, in particular from U-boats, Britain would have been likely to have suffered greatly from another war and as such the need for a lasting peace was colossal from a British perspective. In actuality Britain did achieve much of its desire for a durable peace. Peace settlements with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey and Hungary ensured that much of the sanctions that Britain wished to impose were realised whilst at the same time, to some extent at least, the level of stability that Britain desired in Eastern Europe was achieved. Moreover, British public opinion was also largely satisfied by the Treaty of Versailles. The extent to which it did make Germany suffer was widely accepted throughout Britain, with only minor criticism coming from those, such as Keynes, who believed it to be too harsh. Yet, and in particular from hindsight, there were some issues which would almost certainly oppose Britain’s ambition for a lasting peace. Most appreciable there was widespread discontent throughout Germany over the nature of the treaty. Derided as a ‘blank cheque’, the treaty imposed, under Article 231, that Germany accept full responsibility for the war and this lead to much outrage throughout Germany, with much of the population longing for the opportunity for revenge. Moreover throughout the rest of Europe there was also much resentment. Bulgaria, Turkey and Hungary were all left feeling aggrieved by the outcome of their respective treaties whilst in particular the reduction of Austria’s population to eight million and the prevention of a future Anschluss resulted in much bitterness. It was clear that the defeated Central Powers had much to feel aggrieved about and this certainly reduced the prospect of a durable peace. Events boiled to a head in the Chanak crisis and the resulting outcome indicated both that the imposed treaties were neither as strong as intended and also negotiable, for Britain this meant that their ambition for a stable Europe would never be completely realised. Lloyd George certainly reflected this in his Fontainbleu memorandum, in which he stated that if Germany was ‘unjustly treated’ it would ‘find means of exacting retribution’. Moreover, Britain also recognised the need to accommodate wartime treaty commitments and to fulfil promises which had been made to countries, such as Italy, Greece and Romania, throughout the war. These issues extended back to the Treaty of London in 1915 where for example Italy has been persuaded to join the Allies, with the incentive of territorial gains of the Trentino and Tyrol as far as Brenner, Trieste and Istria along with full ownership of Albanian Valona and Britain was eager to ensure that all countries involved within the war would not be left aggrieved with the outcome of the conference. For Britain it was important to ensure that the European economy recovered quickly and as such it was a necessity that there was stability throughout Europe. Moreover for the status quo to be maintained it was vital that Britain sustained its wartime allies. As such Britain’s involvement in the League of Nations and the punitive nature of the Treaty of Versailles did much to maintain its relationship with America and France respectively. Whilst more generally, with the exception of the relationship with Japan which was forgone for the sake of relations with America, Britain maintained its relationship with Australia, New Zealand, Greece, Turkey and Italy and therefore was reasonably successful in its attempts to ensure the relative survival of the status quo and its wartime allies. Linked to Britain’s desire for a durable peace came its ambition to guarantee its security.

Peanut :: essays research papers

This article is about peanut, the plant. There is a separate article about Peanuts, the comic strip by Charles M. Schulz. Peanut Peanut leaves and freshly dug pods Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Faboideae Tribe: Aeschynomeneae Genus: Arachis Species: A. hypogaea Binomial name Arachis hypogaea L. The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the pea family Fabaceae native to South America. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing to 30-50 cm tall. The leaves are alternate, pinnate with four leaflets (two opposite pairs; no terminal leaflet), each leaflet 1-7 cm long and 1-3 cm broad. The flowers are a typical peaflower in shape, 2-4 cm across, yellow with reddish veining. After pollination, the fruit develops into a legume 3-7 cm long containing 2-3 (rarely 1 or 4) seeds, which forces its way underground to mature. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the fruit of the peanut is a woody, indehiscent legume or pod. Peanuts are also known as Groundnuts (because they grow underground), Earthnuts, Goobers, Goober peas, Pindas, Pinders, Manila nuts and Monkey nuts (the last of these is often used to mean the entire pod, not just the seeds). Contents [showhide] 1 Origins 2 Cultivation 3 Cultivars of Peanuts 3.1 Spanish Group 3.2 Runner Group 3.3 Virginia Group 3.4 Valencia Group 3.5 Tennessee Red and Tennessee White Groups 4 Uses 5 Allergies 6 U.S. Department of Agriculture Program for Peanuts 7 Trade 8 See also 9 External links [edit] Origins Archaeological evidence demonstrates that the peanut was domesticated in prehistoric times in South America, where wild ancestors are still found. The plant was later spread worldwide by European traders. Cultivation in North America was popularized by African American, who brought the Kikongo word goober. [edit] Cultivation Peanuts, showing legumes, one split open revealing two seeds with their brown seed coatsThe flower of the Arachis hypogaea is borne above ground and after it withers, the stalk elongates, bends down, and forces the ovary underground. When the seed is mature, the inner lining of the pods (called the seed coat) changes color from white to a reddish brown. The entire plant, including most of the roots, is removed from the soil during harvesting. The pods begin in the orange veined, yellow petaled, pealike flowers, which are borne in axillary clusters above ground. Following self-pollination (peanuts are complete inbreeders), the flowers fade. The stalks at the bases of the ovaries, called pegs, elongate rapidly, and turn downward to bury the fruits several inches in the ground to complete their development.

The American Business Society

American business is in dire straits and the blame is being heaped on its leadership or, more aptly, the lack thereof. There are probably no fewer business leaders today than there were 50 years ago. There is not a shortage of good people, but maybe a lack of the right kind of people. People with the skills necessary to drive companies forward in a thoroughly different and rapidly changing world. I feel a leader should have several essential attributes:  · Trust. Leaders must be trustworthy, and they must trust their people, also.  · Vision. The nuts and bolts of running a business. Leaders must know where they want the company to be in the future. Also, get the whole company to share that vision. Leaders have to set the direction and get the company headed that way.  · Commitment. There will always be disloyalty among employees, but leaders need to seen as caring and nurturing.  · Integrity. A leader can†t lack integrity and still have people follow. Leaders must have values. They must have dedication to do what is right. The values of an organization are manifested on what a leader does.  · Creative Ability. Leaders must be positive. Always looking for possibilities, not perfection. This means that they must be open to different ways of doing things.  · Communication. A good leader is in constant communication with his or her people. He or she makes the rounds and knows what†s going on. Telling his people everything he can about what he knows and doesn†t know.  · Risk Taking. It is essential to be open to possibilities, and to question assumptions. Always allow people to be innovative without the fear of failure. AIDS is one of the most pervasive and difficult workplace issues. The community, not only for their life-style, rejects people with AIDS but also because the disease is incurable. AIDS is an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease caused by a virus that attacks the body†s ability to fight off infection. It now comes to be called HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. If a person is tested positive with the antibodies they are designated HIV+. It is presumable they have been exposed or have acquired the AIDS virus. The increase presence of AIDS in the workplace has crystallized a number of concerns for both employers and employees. However, Title I of the American with Disabilities Act covers those infected. The Act prohibits discriminating against individual with AIDS. States have different employment laws that apply to those infected. An employer can terminate someone from a job only if they cannot perform the essential tasks required for with that job. The employer is required to make a reasonable accommodation to the individual†s needs and requirements. Accommodation cannot be made if it will cause hardship to the business. Affirmative action was created 30 years age as a remedy for the under use of minority and female human resources in the workplace and classroom. The term refers to active measures and passive nondiscrimination, as means of increasing the recruitment of minorities and ensuring equal opportunity. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the most comprehensive statute on civil rights ever enacted in the United States, banning discrimination in employment, voting, public accommodation, public education and all federal assisted programs. Executive Order 11246 requires that employers with federal contracts worth more than $50,000 and 50 or more employees have written affirmative action plans. Affirmative action was once a bright synonym for equality of opportunity. In recent years, it has been entered the political lexicon, as a sinister euphemism for reverse discrimination, a bitterly divisive issue. In recent years, affirmative action has appeared in politics. Most politicians† support either eliminating or revising it, including President Clinton, who supports a reform version of affirmative action. Changes have already begun in some states and will spread across the nation. Some critics view affirmative action as a departure from the principles of meritocracy and individual striving. Also they feel as a policy it primarily hurts white men. With all the demographic changes occurring in our nation, it may be time to change affirmative action. The achievements of it have been great, but the premises that underlie it have changed and may require revising. The focus on affirmative action may provide with an opportunity to shift to affirming diversity. Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) a victim of age discrimination in entitled to be † made whole†, being placed in the position that he or she would have been in but for the discrimination. The act protects workers between the ages 40 and 70 from arbitrary age discrimination in employment. The ADEA encompasses issues of hiring, firing, pay, promotion and fringe benefits. In recent years, more and more employees have been filing grievances under ADEA. Faced with expensive pensions and health costs, companies are trying to find ways to minimize their burden. The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) is an act that prohibits discrimination based on age in connection with all employee benefits programs. Older workers get the same benefits as the younger workers. Companies can ask outgoing workers to sign a waiver, not to sue for age discrimination. A company faces an indefinite future of court-mandated payments and damages if they are found guilty of violating age discrimination regulations. The American ideology is base on capitalism. A capitalistic system is a system in which the means of production are privately owned. The market operates to guide production and distribute income. The terms free or private enterprise are used interchangeably with capitalism. The theory of capitalism is founded on two fundamental assumptions. One, people are capable of understanding the natural order of the universe. Two, the role of government in economy can and should be limited. These two barriers led economist to believe that all artificial barriers affect our economic behavior. If government or monopolists who enjoyed unnatural powers in the marketplace did not interfere, the market would benefit everyone in society. All activities in a free enterprise must return a profit. However, free enterprise is never totally pure. Every nation has values and goals that place it on a continuum between free enterprise and a planned economy. Each determines where it lays on the continuum by the priority it gives to specific values and goals. It is never too early or too late to start planning for retirement. Definitely, early is better. Starting any time is better than not starting at all. A large number of people are not saving and investing, as they should. The more a person saves now, the more options they will have later. Maybe a person won†t be able to stop working completely, but they will not have to work as hard later. The dream of having a financially secure future is attainable, but there are a lot of sacrifices. To begin building a realistic financial plan that will allow you to retire with enough money, start with five basic dynamics: 1. Where do I stand now? That includes your personal savings and investments, your pension plans and your income prospects until retirement, as well as your debts and spending patterns. 2. How much money you†ll need to retire? Figure that you†ll need about eighty percent of your income to maintain your lifestyle after your regular paychecks stop. 3. Where will that money come from? Your regular paychecks. 4. How much time remains until retirement? Your strategy to achieve a worry-free retirement will depend on the target date you†ve set and how much progress you†ve made so far. A person can also shoot for an early retirement with the right planning. 5. How much risk you†re willing to take? When it comes to investing retirement money, risk is a balancing act. If you take too little, your investment will not grow. But if you take too much, there will be a crack in your investment that will be too difficult to repair. The more time you have until retirement; the more risk you maybe able to take. The less time you have, the more risk you may need to take. The message here is that is can be done. You can take control and plan for a financially secure future regardless of where you stand right now. A 401(k) is a tremendous two-fold tax shelter. Tax advantages number one: Money you contribute to the plan, up to a yearly maximum, is subtracted from your taxable income. Tax advantages number two: Funds inside you account grow tax-deferred until withdrawn. The IRS can†t tax the earnings each year and you can keep more in the plan for long term compounding. I recommend a person start to invest in at least a 401(k) plan. It is the hottest retirement savings deal. It eases a tax shelter power and wealth building potential. A 401(k) may be the single most important ingredient you can add to your retirement plan. With a 401(k), you can set aside a percentage of your salary, which your employer may match, in a retirement account you control. Money in the plan grows untaxed until you tap the account in retirement. If your investments do well, they win. If they don†t, the nest egg will be smaller. In either case, you bear the risk. People find it difficult to make decisions about ethical issues. Ethical principles and standards vary widely among individuals, organizations and cultures. Business ethics are based on individual and collective moral decision making at every lever in the corporation. Standards for moral behavior are sometimes informal, but more often they explicit and embodied in a written document. Managers must decide which issues are important to them and how to identify and manage them. Here are some questions I think are important to ask one-self. 1. Have I Defined the Problem Accurately? Make sure you have an understanding of the problem. 2. How Would I Define the Problem From the Other Side? You must look at the issue from the perspective of those questioning your ethics. 3. How Did This Situation Occur? Look into the history of the situation. Make sure there is a real problem and not symptoms. 4. How Does My Intention Compare with the Likely Results? Despite the goodness of your intentions, the results may be harmful. Think about the probable outcome. 5. Whom Could My Decision or Action Injure? This issue is particularly difficult. Even a product for good use could fall into the wrong hands. These questions could help managers sort out their own perceptions of ethical problems. The asking of questions could create discussions about subjects left to one individual. If management do not implement clear policies to instill ethical behavior through the firm, managers are likely to come cynical. There has been a steady increase in the number of sexual harassment cases since the 1991 Clarence Thomas/Anita Hill hearing. A recent Supreme Court ruling that an employer can be held liable for sexual harassment, even if the employer is unaware of the incident. This should serve as a warning to business owners to develop or refine company policies. The ruling falls under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which also protects non-victims form working in a â€Å"sexual hostile† environment. In essence, an employee can sue a company if he or she witnesses others being harassed, reports and nothing is done. Follow these steps to protect your company:  · Develop and establish a policy. Your company policy should clearly define sexual harassment, list several examples and explain procedures for filing complaints and follow-ups.  · Investigate every complaint. Take immediate action when informed of an incident. Carefully research the allegations and respond with the appropriate actions. Seek outside counsel if necessary.  · Many managers aren†t sure how to handle a claim of sexual harassment. Provide training for management and staff so they clearly understand what harassment is, how to prevent it and how to handle it.  · Have a clear procedure for filing complaints. Employees should have a non-threatening process in place to report an incident, discuss any behavior they feel is unprofessional. Stress confidentially and that you, the employer, will not tolerate retaliation against any employee for coming forward. Give all the employees the names and phone numbers of human resources and other staff to contact. Provide sexual harassment training. There are countless words to describe stress. The fact remains that stress is an essential part of life. It is inescapable and in moderation, a good thing. I think stress makes people feel vital and interested. The crucial difference between stress that clobbers and stress that invigorates is usually no more than an individual†s reaction. There are myriad ways to deflect the damages such as meditation, drug therapy or changes in lifestyle. Stress often undermines physical, emotional and intellectual energies exactly when strength in these areas is most needed, periods of heightened pressure. The body mobilizes energy to deal with the crisis by releasing the hormone adrenaline, which causes a racing pulse, accelerated breathing, in a sense of feeling keyed up. The next stage is less obvious but more dangerous if allowed to go unmonitored. Sugar and fats are reserved for emergencies then released into the bloodstream, creating pressure and fatigue. This when people start to self medicate with coffee, cigarettes and alcohol. Generalized anxiety, poor concentration and memory loss become common, as with minor illnesses. Finally, as energy reserves are drained, bodily systems begin to malfunction. Sleeplessness, disruption in eating patterns and personality changes often occurs. This stage is exhaustion, which leads depression. Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are very useful in reducing stress. Companies can develop EAPs themselves or outsource them. Experts advise companies to help workers find a way out of their stressful situations through counseling, friendship and communication. Most people have used a brain altering substance at some time, be it alcohol, an anti-anxiety medication, or a stimulant. Such substance can be helpful in removing our inhibitions, enabling us to relax, or making us feel better about things. While most can take them or leave them, an increasing number of people are finding that using these substances is no longer a choice, but necessity. They need them to function normally and will suffer physical symptoms of withdrawal without them. In medical term, they are substance dependent or addicted. There are myriad treatments and approaches to substance abuse. As with most mental illness, a combination of medical treatment and psychological counseling is usually most effective. Medical treatments may alter the body†s reaction to a substance, reducing cravings, or change a substance†s effect. There is usually a mental disorder that coexists with substance abuse, depression or anxiety. For the disorder psychoactive medications are often prescribed. First a person must want or ask for help. They may want to talk to a clinician if they feel comfortable doing so. If you have access go to mental-health clinics to speak with someone who specializes in treatment. Whomever you talk with, the issue must addressed in depth. If not seek out another healthcare professional.

Narrative Story †Alcohol Essay

Last night I had a weird dream that I picked up again. There were no sign of me wanting to quit. It was like I left off from where I stopped 8 months ago. But I had moved back to my family home in the dream and it was during that day when this dream started. I knew it wasn’t all real because my friend who so happened to be in my dream doesn’t actually drive and for some reason he was driving a yellow school bus†¦ Anyway, it was just me, my friend and another guy I’ve never seen. Its summer time and it’s a warm day out because we have the driver’s window open and we’re sweating a bit. So my friend is driving us up to a little town where we work and there’s only one grocery store up there. See more: how to start a narrative essay for college So we are on our way as we’re chatting about something and I don’t exactly copy everything my friend is saying, because I’m sort of staring out of the window sitting beside my friend which is in the driver’s seat. I believe my mind is occupied with whether I want to stop by the grocery and liquor store, so out of nowhere I shake my head out of my trance and said to my friend: – â€Å"Hey man, you’re going right by the grocery and liquor store right? He slowly nods his head and looks at me with his eyes glaring at me like he knew what I was thinking. – â€Å"Yeah, why?† He replies. -â€Å"It is none of your business!† I tell him. He starts to shake his head and is muttering something in disappointment. Within a few minutes he stops at a red light by the grocery and liquor store and I hop out and tell him to come get me within 20 minutes, and then he speeds away. I proudly start walking to the liquor store and start grabbing hard liquor bottles and some beers and I pay the Chinese man behind the counter with a big smile. I drank 3 beers and 2 liquor bottles within only  20 minutes, and as I start to get a bit drunk I walk over to where my friend dropped me off by the traffic lights and I see him just zoom on by and I’m yelling at him to stop. He keeps driving for another 10-20 seconds and with clumsy driving skills he pulls over to the left side of the road. I laughed a little bit and shake my head at his bad driving skills and I quickly walked over with all my bottles in my gray backpack and then he out of nowhere decides to drive away from me, again. I’m screaming at him to stop and the drives away again for about 20-30 seconds and then stops. And because I was in my dream I was not tired and I was able to keep up with the bus, and when he finally pulled over my friend and this other guy I don’t know jumped out of the bus and started to throw rocks at me! I’m yelling at them to stop and ask why they are trying to hurt me. After a short while they finally stop, I walk towards them and my friend starts screaming: -â€Å"Again? Really? I thought we already had this conversation, you promised me to never drink again! Think about your family and all the promises you’ve made! You shouldn’t be drinking, you almost died last time!† As I am trying to calm him down he just shoves me down to the ground again. I somehow try to get back up but my legs won’t move! He starts saying something like: -â€Å"I told you this day would come! Look at you now, you look awful and now you can’t even walk anymore because your body is too damaged from the alcohol intake!† And then I just woke up. All sweaty and shaky I realized it was all just a dream! It somehow felt so freaking real. And when I do think about when I was drinking a year ago, my life was like a dream. None of it seemed real, because I wasn’t living a real life. I kept on drinking all the time, promised myself and my family to stop drinking, but I never did†¦ I’d go to important meetings hung over and buzzed, just throwing my life and career away. I didn’t value life anymore. I felt I had no reason to live. I couldn’t stop drinking on my own, it was nearly impossible and I ended up in two different rehabs from September to December. A.A meetings and therapy is  a part of my past. I have 69 days sober today. Today, even though most days are way beyond shitty and my emotions somehow drown me, at moments I feel a genuine happiness that can’t be found in any pill or medication! I feel grateful that I can look at myself in the mirror and proudly say: â€Å"I’m not a bad person. I can’t change my past and no matter how dirty my past is, my future is absolutely spotless. I take it day by day and I do not drink no matter what. Addiction is what I had, not who I am.†